This post is about nuclear power. It is long. If you want to debate, that is welcome but please read this post first. It's likely I will have addressed your concern in it. There will be no tl;dr. submitted by Vaudane to ExtinctionRebellion [link] [comments] I've seen a fair few posts on here, and other "green" sites doing their best to discredit and undermine the science of nuclear power in lieu of glorified pipe dreams. That the world can go 100% "renewable" (with plenty of caveats tacked on the end of course, half of them unfeasible). There are 4 main "arguments" against nuclear power. Danger, waste + storage, cost, and fuel availability. This post is to hopefully illustrate why all are red herrings designed to sew FUD and in actual fact keep us tied to a hydrocarbon-based grid. DangerThis is a three-prong argument. The first usually invokes events such as Chernobyl, Fukushima, TMI, and other lesser incidents; the second invokes radiation safety; and the third mentions terrorism.Starting with nuclear events, of these three I mentioned---only one is actually at all relevant and that's TMI. But mentioning it in terms of safety is the equivalent of comparing a ford model-T to a modern family saloon. Additionally, it led to the raft of safety measures we now have thus preventing it from ever happening again. Chernobyl is a total red herring. While it wasn't a good event, it's pretty much the only event in nuclear power history that has led to any "significant" casualties, with the official death toll being 60 and numbers in the region of 6-20k cited from extended exposure. Whilst high for a single event, this makes up the vast majority of all nuclear incidents and in terms of death/TWh produced, still results in nuclear being the safest of all power sources. Plus, the RMBK reactor used on site wasn't designed for producing power, but for plutonium for nuclear bombs. As such, it was made deliberately unsafe so they could pop it open quickly to get the Pu out. It was this deliberate design choice that caused the failure. Obviously, this is not present in power-based reactors. It's also likely that the deaths are overestimated in this event due to the employment of the linear no-threshold model, which has repeatedly been shown to be flawed, and a hormetic model should instead be employed. This even gets ramped up to 11 in some countries that have radiation "spas" where you sit in a radon-filled basement in a bath-robe. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_no-threshold_model https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24298226/ And Fukushima? Yes it wasn't ideal, but literally nothing has come of it. No increased cancers. No deaths. No change in the background radiation level. Those maps bandied about showing the "flow into the ocean"? Garbage designed to spread FUD. The site fundamentally failed because a tsunami was higher than the seawall and drowned the diesel generators that were below sea-level. If the reactor hadn't shut down, it's likely it wouldn't have failed at all. Fukushima is less anti-nuclear and more anti-diesel generator. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/fukushima-emergency/ https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/fukushima-daiichi-accident.aspx The clean-up will cost money yes, but see the section later about why that's actually a good thing. Other events such as the Windscale fire were also caused by plutonium production. Now lets compare those deaths with another singular event: a damn bursting in China. 230k dead. More than 10x all the nuclear incidents ever yet I don't hear many here complaining about hydro-power. https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/230000-died-in-a-dam-collapse-that-china-kept-secret-for-years/91699/ In fact, comparing all the methods of power generation as deaths/terawatt-hour produced, nuclear is safest by about an order of magnitude (in other words, 10x more power can be produced for each person killed by that method of generation). How many people do you want to die to keep your lights on? https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2011/03/deaths-per-twh-by-energy-source.html The second of these prongs is fear of radiation. While I briefly touched on it when discussing Chernobyl, the fear runs much deeper. The main problem here is lack of scientific education, and an overzealous media. The thing about radiation is we are very good at detecting it, even at very low levels, and some units need to use very large numbers, such as atomic decays/second (Bq). Thing is, there are a lot of atoms in a small volume of anything. Avogadro's constant tells us that there are 6.022x1023 atoms in one mole of the substance. And one mole is the atomic number of the element in grams. So 92g of Uranium has 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms (approx). And with the density of U being ~19.1g/cm3, that's 5 cubic centimetres of uranium. Or a double shot in a bar. This sort of numbering has led to the tongue in cheek unit "banana equivalent dose". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_equivalent_dose Yes, that is the radiation dose you will get from eating a banana. In continuation, people will talk about waste being so hazardous, but without really understanding the numbers. So what are those numbers? Well, the granite worktop in your kitchen would be classed as nuclear waste under current legislation, thanks to radon in it. Terrorism is another danger often cited. And this may even be a valid one, if there had ever been a terrorist attack on any nuclear plant across the world in the history of the human race. They're also designed to withstand a direct impact from a train or a 747, so a 9/11 attack isn't a concern. On a related vein, many conflate nuclear power with nuclear weaponry. These two implementations are about as different as can be, with the only commonality is that they both use a radioactive source. It would be like decrying a coal plant because C4 explodes as both are carbon based. Nuclear weaponry and nuclear power are fundamentally different technologies and cannot be conflated. Waste/StoragePeople don't think of granite worktops or gloves or aprons being "nuclear waste" though, they think of leaking soft steel barrels full of green liquid seeping out into waterways and turning us all into three-armed monstrosities with cancers out the wazoo. Except, none of that is true. Including the fact it's waste at all. So from now on I will call them used fuel rods, as that is what they are, The way fuel rods are disposed of is in a water bath for heat control of any short-lived elements to decay away, and then they are stored in "dry cask storage", or large concrete barrels on the reactor site.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_cask_storage "But these barrels are dangerous right? You will die if you get near them?" Well, yes. But only because the armed guards on site will shoot you as you run towards them. If you had proper clearance, you could sit and have lunch leaning up against one with negligible radiation dose. "But these drums are piling up with nowhere to store them, It's a catastrophe". Well... also no. As you may remember the numbers from the previous section, volumes are small. If you were to take the entire US stockpile of used fuel rods and group them together, you'd have a mass of 70k metric tonnes. Sounds a lot right? But remember the density of uranium, that gives a volume of about 3665 m3. For comparison, single football stadium (I've pulled up Samara Arena in Russia for convenience), it has a volume of 503,480 m3. So the entire volume of used nuclear fuel in the US wouldn't even fill a football stadium, and in fact wouldn't even come close. I'd say we've got room to breathe there. "But it lives for billions of years right and is super radioactive right?" Well, again, not quite. Think of anything, the hotter it burns, the shorter it lives. Same with nuclear fuel. The high-activity nuclides in the used fuel rods decay in days-weeks. What's left is inert filler with fresh uranium mixed through. In fact, after it's removed from the reactor, it's still about 95% fresh uranium. Which has a half life of billions of years, but consequently is also low activity. You could hold reactor rods in your hand and be fine. And in fact this is how they are installed into a reactor in the first place. Notice no lead aprons, no serious PPE. Just gloves and goggles. Fuel Rod Assembly: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy And yet in the US that's buried underground. Why? Blame President Carter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing In fact, that is the only main problem with storage of used fuel rods. The US gets a disproportionate amount of air-time across the world, and it also cannot reprocess its used fuel. It'd be like a car in which most of the petrol you put in trickled out the exhaust again. You'd either improve the design, or put it through again. And that's the purpose of either recycling the fuel rods, or using what is known as a breeder reactor. And in fact these breeder reactors are grid-proven and it's literally just lack of political will preventing them being rolled out. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BN-800_reactor If the US was the recycle all the fuel it had in storage, it wouldn't need to mine any more for the next century or so. Yes, century. Fuel Availability"But it'll all run out eventually? In fact, a lot of estimates put it at only ~200 years availability? Why bother when the sun and wind are essentially limitless?"Again, not quite. This figure comes from single-pass fuel use then storage. As I've just shown, that's incredibly inefficient and frankly a stupid way to handle it. In fact, if you combine breeder reactors, and fuel reprocessing, we have enough fissile fuel to keep our reactors happy for the next few hundred thousand years. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-long-will-global-uranium-deposits-last/ Cost"But it's really expensive to build nuclear plants and takes too long."It is expensive to build the nuclear plants yes, but the time taken to build them is largely based in legislation which itself is based in flawed science (as I mentioned earlier with the LNT statements). But when investigate it as a levelised cost of energy (LCOE), nuclear is pretty much front of the queue. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/economic-aspects/economics-of-nuclear-power.aspx Plus, I'm going to take a little detour out of science here and start talking about economics. Things being expensive for a government is not the same as things being expensive for a person/business. The fundamental difference is that the latter is a user of currency, whilst the former is the issuer of currency. A common way of thinking is the out-dated gold standard, in which currency is finite and tied to gold/tax receipts/stocks/bonds. This, and consequential statements such as "we are generating debt our children must pay" hasn't been true since 1971. The government, being able to issue its own currency can never go bankrupt as it can always pay its debts. This also does not lead to inflation as it used to. If this has you scratching your head in disbelief, that's understandable. I suggest the book "The Deficit Myth" by Prof. Stephanie Kelton. Additionally, she does a really good seminar on it here and is definitely worth a watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1SMjeuyF-Y So fundamentally, if the government wish to build nuclear, they have both means and motive to do so, with no detriment to the economy (unless you count people in work being a detriment). A few conspicuous sites are also mentioned in nuclear costs. These are typically Hanford in the US, and Sellafield in the UK. Both of these sites are scheduled to take decades to clean up, and cost hundreds of billions of $/£ to do so. This sounds ominous, but it isn't. Both of these sites were built in the 40s/50s as research sites and plutonium production facilities. Neither of these are actually relevant to modern power production and are simply a legacy from a time we didn't understand nuclear materials. When discussing US decommissioning costs, Hanford makes up 80% of this budget in the US, and Sellafield making up 75% in the UK. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanford_Site https://www.nbcnews.com/news/all/cost-taxpayers-clean-nuclear-waste-jumps-100-billion-year-n963586 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellafield https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nuclear-provision-explaining-the-cost-of-cleaning-up-britains-nuclear-legacy/nuclear-provision-explaining-the-cost-of-cleaning-up-britains-nuclear-legacy DiscussionSo why am I so bothered? Why bother making this post at all? I am a scientist and it bothers me to see disinformation and anti-science get spread so freely. There is also an extremely bad-faith argument from a lot of people in this regard, as they do not discuss the waste generated in the production of renewables, nor the full LCOE and instead cherry pick good days and state it as an average. This disingenuity has led to some of the most expensive power in the US for Californians, and Germany needing to fire its coal stations back up as well as import power from nuclear powered France. Furthermore, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) performed an interesting study, in which it collates the opinions of those educated in science versus the general public. It can be seen that when formally trained in science, the approval rating nuclear is much higher. Surely we want our path to saving the planet rooted in science instead of hubris?https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2015/07/23/an-elaboration-of-aaas-scientists-views/ Also as I showed with the burst-dam, there are statements made about nuclear that are not made about renewables. So if I repeat the process, the waste produced for solar and wind is not discussed often enough. Both wind and solar produce huge volumes of toxic and radioactive waste. But as they are not as similarly constrained as the nuclear industry, this is both unaccounted, and just drained to the environment. https://www.cfact.org/2019/09/15/the-solar-panel-toxic-waste-problem/ https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/wind/big-winds-dirty-little-secret-rare-earth-minerals/ https://e360.yale.edu/features/boom_in_mining_rare_earths_poses_mounting_toxic_risks Neither can the panels or blades be recycled so they go to landfill, to leech out toxic elements into the soil and groundwater. https://stopthesethings.com/2020/10/10/lingering-legacy-millions-of-toxic-solar-panels-that-cant-be-recycled-destined-for-landfills/ https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/solar-panel-waste-the-dark-side-of-clean-energy https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-02-05/wind-turbine-blades-can-t-be-recycled-so-they-re-piling-up-in-landfills And if nuclear fuel availability is mentioned, then so should availability of the minerals required to produce renewables. Many of the minerals used have available supplies of less than a year, and as is in the name, they are rare to begin with. https://www.fpri.org/article/2020/10/chinas-monopoly-on-rare-earth-elements-and-why-we-should-care/ And to address a few points unique to renewables, the first is that by their method of operation, they harness a diffuse source. As such, they need to be big. Really big. Hundreds to thousands of hectares big. To produce an amount of power that could be generated by a reactor a fraction of the size. Now some people may find vast fields of solar panels or turbines beautiful, but I'd rather see vast woodlands, prairies, swamplands. I'd rather see our land returned to nature to actually capture some of the carbon that's ready to drive our extinction. It would also have the additional benefit that it would actually give back to the environment, and allow the bugs, birds, reptiles, critters, grazers, and hunters to thrive again. They don't thrive under windmills or solar panels. https://www.strata.org/footprints/ https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18270734.14m-trees-cut-scotland-make-way-wind-farms/ https://theconversation.com/wind-farms-built-on-carbon-rich-peat-bogs-lose-their-ability-to-fight-climate-change-143551 "But it's cheap!" Exactly, and that's why renewables still have a place as is shown by the "energy pyramid" attached. Every rooftop should be lined with solar panels. Domestic windmills should be used to feed back into the grid. The land is already used, so make the most of it. But don't destroy nature to build renewables, as this is often exactly what happens. The Energy Pyramid [Eric G. Meyer, Generation Atomic] There are further issues faced by renewables but not faced by nuclear. These are called "capacity factor" and "insertion factor", and neither permit for exponential power demands that we as a race face. The former is a simple one, wind doesn't blow all the time. Sun doesn't shine all the time. There needs to be a backup, that right now is natural gas. Super batteries will not fix this issue, and are actually more likely to render renewables obsolete as our demands will grow with our capacity. The second, insertion factor, relates to how once the "good spots" are taken, we must use less good spots, and as such need larger installations to make up for the shortfall in production. With nuclear, both of these do not apply. But why nuclear at all? Well, fundamentally, there is just so much uranium, and it is so energy dense, that it is silly to not use it. But when I talk about energy density compared to other fuels, it is hard to envision, so this wonderful presentation gives us more of a clue. https://youtu.be/tpUtrDvya1w So what does that energy density look like? Well, in a nuclear fuel assembly (shown earlier), there are hundreds of fuel pellets such as shown below. Each single one of those pellets are 7g of the ceramic uranium oxide, and can power a typical household for ~4 months. Fuel pellets in a fuel rod [nuclear.duke-energy.com] So why would you not want to use the cleanest, safest, arguably cheapest power source on earth? ConclusionThis post hopefully illustrates some of the common and unfortunately pervasive myths around nuclear power. And if for a moment we assume the problems are all real and genuine, we have less than 10 years to fix our planet before it starts trying, and likely succeeding, to kill us. This is not the time to be advocating anti-science or wanting to look like you care whilst doing nothing. If the waste issue was true, that gives us hundreds to thousands of years to find a problem. If the terrorism issue was true, we'd have high employment in the military to keep the sites safe. If the fuel availability issue was true, we could use it until we perfect fusion. But fundamentally, if you are about to be hit by an out-of-control bus, you do not worry about the grazed knee you get by jumping out the way.Edit 1: S/P Edit 2: Included the AAAS survey in the "Discussion" section. Edit 3: Added Hanford and Sellafield to the "Costs" section. Edit 4: Added additional references to "Discussion" section. Edit 5: Updated data on Chernobyl death toll. Edit 6: Added fuel rod assembly image. |
Issue | Harm | Solutions |
---|---|---|
1 ) Lack Of Freedom | Harm from Restricting Freedom of speech & expression affects EVERYTHING, from being able to discuss new ideas, innovations & solutions without fear, complaining about corrupt officials, taking powerful companies to court, fighting against companies connected to corrupt politicians, speaking out against corruption, dictators, corrupt police, making posts, pics & videos about "sensitive" issues, etc... | We need legal protection for non-hateful, non-violent free speech & peaceful protesting. For now we can make posts, memes, comments, jokes, etc... about these issues to bring more awareness. We can choose to be free today, we must push the limits in some cases. Don't call for or threaten violence or hate, or harass people, be peaceful, but you can have different opinions & ways of doing things, that's ok. We'd still be living in trees or caves if we didn't have people who tried new things. Think free, be reasonable & enjoy yourself. Stay safe. |
2 ) Not accepting people as they are, focusing on petty differences, but ignore big issues that can really harm us | Harms us when some of us put too much energy in trying to control our differences, what we think, what we do, how we dress, how we look like, talk, etc... & make big issues out of small thing & shift focus away from the things that really matter. | Just improve yourself, improve what's around you & if others want your advice or help, you can help them improve too, other than that, mind your own business. We have limited time & energy everyday, don't contribute with negativity & pettiness, yes, we're not perfect, but don't make it who you are. |
3 ) Corruption | Harms citizen's faith in the system, in their officials & in each other because corruption becomes the normal way of doing things. It deprives honest people of succeeding, keeps corrupt parasites profiting instead of earning their profit honestly like we all should. Foreign citizens & companies don't want to invest in a corrupt system they don't trust. | Talk, post, discuss, make memes, videos about corrupt officials, corrupt systems & some proposed solutions. File complaints & lawsuits in the legal system. Start groups online & offline to discuss & take legal action to root our corruption & build better honest systems. If you see corruption, do not let it slide, root it out & stop it, do whatever you can & stay safe. |
4 ) Crime | Harms us by either taking our lives, harming our physical & mental well being, deprives us of our personal property. Makes us feel unsafe & distrustful of others when crime is rampant & not addressed by the authorities. Causes harm in every system in our countries, no one wants to live, visit, do their best or just relax & live a normal life when they don't feel safe. | Our police should focus mainly on : Violence ( police brutality, murder, robbery, rape, assault, abuse, threats & anything similar ) & Non-violent ( scams, fraud, theft, property crime, white collar crime, cyber crime & anything similar ) Drugs should be decriminalized & treated as a health issue, not a criminal one. Bring attention to any issues in your area, do what you can, invest in your own & your family's self defense & home security. You are the main protector of yourself, stay safe. |
5 ) Low quality Infrastructure & Public Services | Harms us by making things harder for us & wasting too much of our time & energy on getting things done that should be done in more efficient & faster ways. Public transportation, education, speed of govt. listening to & fixing things, from hazards, dangers, lack of clean water, slow or unreliable internet or electricity, inefficient processes, etc... | We & our govt. must find ways & new ideas to fund & improve our infrastructure & public services. Everyone should be able to get where they want ASAP, have fast internet, stable electricity, clean water, good court systems, etc... So we can get to our work & leisure without all these issues we don't have to have anymore. |
6 ) Low Quality Education | Harms students by not preparing them for adult life, university, technical school, job application, starting their own business or investing. By not understanding the political systems, healthcare, monetary system, science, how all these these systems affect each other, critical thinking, etc... Everything in life is about information, our own cells even, without the right information & guides we will be lost & not progress as fast as we should. | For now we can supplement our education systems with things like Khan Academy & other online learning resources, we should use or start existing online system & offline systems & groups too. The knowledge is out there, we have to find solutions to make it more accessible & low cost to anyone who wants education. Last, but not least the way our students are treated has to improve, respect students & they will respect you back, if they don't, reasonable constructive non-physical & non-abusive punishment will do, then reward good behavior. |
7 ) Inefficient Job Market | Harms applicants & employers by not making jobs easy to post, find & fill roles with quality applicants fast. Pushes people looking for jobs into hardships & problems from lack of a stable source of income, hurts people with business by not finding the right people who will help with their business, keep it running & make it better. | Create as many job sites & apps to connect business owners & govt. with job applicants ASAP. We must treat our employees with respect & pay them a fair living wage. Also root out nepotism, discrimination, racism, sexism, etc.... Hire people based on their ability & fit for the job, not who you think should be in charge & corrupt business owners & corrupt govt officials who favor certain people or companies & accept bribes for contracts must be rooted out. |
8 ) Difficulty Starting Business or Registering Patents | Harms entire economy by making process difficult & unclear for inexperienced business owners or patent owners. Not approving or delaying things due to corruption & fear of competition, deprives country of new businesses that could be the next international company or new ideas, patents & technology that can improve the country significantly. | Bring awareness to this issue, to create an easier, more reliable & honest system for business in all our countries. Create media, from posts, to memes, videos, bring famous people on board, complain to the govt, propose new ideas, etc... The only way is to get the govt. aware of this issue & let them see that it's more beneficial for them & all of us to fix it, than it is to leave it the same |
9 ) Complicated & untrustworthy investments | Harms us by not having reliable,simple to understand investments that earn us interest on our money. From both the private & govt. sector. Not only for citizens, but for foreigners too, investments fund businesses & govt. instead of taking loans. | Learn about local investments & write guides about them if you become an expert. Propose ideas & systems or start your own investment vehicle in a reliable & simple way with different risk levels (low/med/high) depending on what the investor wants. Report all investment scams & frauds to the police. Post about them & warn others. |
10 ) Brain Drain | Harms us when some of our best minds, go to other countries without all these harmful issues we have. Instead of these great minds & scholars staying in our countries, fixing these issues, improving our economy & creating new technology & solutions, they help other countries which give their people better conditions to prosper in. | On a personal level, try to offer scholars & intellectuals incentives & opportunities to stay, bring awareness to this issue by creating media, so the govt. starts studying this issue, identifying the main causes & solving them ASAP, the whole economy is connected & these people who leave, see that, lose hope & leave...we have to make it a better place. |
11 ) Using Foreign Currency & investing in foreign treasury securities & other govt or private investments. | Harms our currency by depending on US Dollar, Euro, UK Pound, FR Franc, etc... it reduces liquidity of our currencies. Investing in their foreign govt treasury securities finances their govt, instead of ours & their govt will always issue new currency, if they default on these securities, since their currency is widely accepted. | Avoid using foreign currency & investing in foreign treasury securities when possible. Use African & Middle Eastern currency or cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, etc..). Invest in African/Middle Eastern Treasury securities or other govt or private investments, not foreign. |
12 ) War, Invasion & Occupation | Harms us by destroying our country, the enemy seizing land, natural resources, commits unpunished violence against innocent citizens, creating chaos, destroying our lives, safety & future. | Our govt develops defensive fusion & some Fission Nukes in ICBMs & SLBMs, Drone Swarms, cruise missiles, missile defense systems, satellites, Long range radars & sonars, etc... to let aggressors know, the price of attacking & attempting to destroy our country, is the swift destruction of their country. We want peace, freedom & prosperity for everyone in all countries. We want to engage in trade & leisure, business & pleasure, with everyone in all countries. Don't threaten or attack us. |
13 ) Sanctions | Harms us by isolating us, restricting our trading, advancement & weakening our economy further. (That's their purpose) | Our govt. should stop doing anything that will get us sanctioned (corruption, terrorism, etc... ), but should not stop doing anything defensive, it is our right to develop & buy whatever defensive technology we need to defend ourselves. |
"I am quite convinced that water fluoridation, in a not-too-distant future, will be consigned to medical history... Water fluoridation goes against leading principles of pharmacotherapy, which is progressing from a stereotyped medication - of the type 1 tablet 3 times a day - to a much more individualized therapy as regards both dosage and selection of drugs. The addition of drugs to the drinking water means exactly the opposite of an individualized therapy."As stated by Dr. Peter Mansfield, a physician from the UK and advisory board member of the recent government review of fluoridation (McDonagh et al 2000):
"No physician in his right senses would prescribe for a person he has never met, whose medical history he does not know, a substance which is intended to create bodily change, with the advice: 'Take as much as you like, but you will take it for the rest of your life because some children suffer from tooth decay.' It is a preposterous notion."
"Why is the US Public Health Service choosing to exercise its power in this way?"Motivations - especially those which have operated over several generations of decision makers - are always difficult to ascertain. However, whether intended or not, fluoridation has served to distract us from several key issues.
Issue | Harm | Solutions |
---|---|---|
1 ) Lack Of Freedom | Harm from Restricting Freedom of speech & expression affects EVERYTHING, from being able to discuss new ideas, innovations & solutions without fear, complaining about corrupt officials, taking powerful companies to court, fighting against companies connected to corrupt politicians, speaking out against corruption, dictators, corrupt police, making posts, pics & videos about "sensitive" issues, etc... | We need legal protection for non-hateful, non-violent free speech & peaceful protesting. For now we can make posts, memes, comments, jokes, etc... about these issues to bring more awareness. We can choose to be free today, we must push the limits in some cases. Don't call for or threaten violence or hate, or harass people, be peaceful, but you can have different opinions & ways of doing things, that's ok. We'd still be living in trees or caves if we didn't have people who tried new things. Think free, be reasonable & enjoy yourself. Stay safe. |
2 ) Not accepting people as they are, focusing on petty differences, but ignore big issues that can really harm us | Harms us when some of us put too much energy in trying to control our differences, what we think, what we do, how we dress, how we look like, talk, etc... & make big issues out of small thing & shift focus away from the things that really matter. | Just improve yourself, improve what's around you & if others want your advice or help, you can help them improve too, other than that, mind your own business. We have limited time & energy everyday, don't contribute with negativity & pettiness, yes, we're not perfect, but don't make it who you are. |
3 ) Corruption | Harms citizen's faith in the system, in their officials & in each other because corruption becomes the normal way of doing things. It deprives honest people of succeeding, keeps corrupt parasites profiting instead of earning their profit honestly like we all should. Foreign citizens & companies don't want to invest in a corrupt system they don't trust. | Talk, post, discuss, make memes, videos about corrupt officials, corrupt systems & some proposed solutions. File complaints & lawsuits in the legal system. Start groups online & offline to discuss & take legal action to root our corruption & build better honest systems. If you see corruption, do not let it slide, root it out & stop it, do whatever you can & stay safe. |
4 ) Crime | Harms us by either taking our lives, harming our physical & mental well being, deprives us of our personal property. Makes us feel unsafe & distrustful of others when crime is rampant & not addressed by the authorities. Causes harm in every system in our countries, no one wants to live, visit, do their best or just relax & live a normal life when they don't feel safe. | Our police should focus mainly on : Violence ( police brutality, murder, robbery, rape, assault, abuse, threats & anything similar ) & Non-violent ( scams, fraud, theft, property crime, white collar crime, cyber crime & anything similar ) Drugs should be decriminalized & treated as a health issue, not a criminal one. Bring attention to any issues in your area, do what you can, invest in your own & your family's self defense & home security. You are the main protector of yourself, stay safe. |
5 ) Low quality Infrastructure & Public Services | Harms us by making things harder for us & wasting too much of our time & energy on getting things done that should be done in more efficient & faster ways. Public transportation, education, speed of govt. listening to & fixing things, from hazards, dangers, lack of clean water, slow or unreliable internet or electricity, inefficient processes, etc... | We & our govt. must find ways & new ideas to fund & improve our infrastructure & public services. Everyone should be able to get where they want ASAP, have fast internet, stable electricity, clean water, good court systems, etc... So we can get to our work & leisure without all these issues we don't have to have anymore. |
6 ) Low Quality Education | Harms students by not preparing them for adult life, university, technical school, job application, starting their own business or investing. By not understanding the political systems, healthcare, monetary system, science, how all these these systems affect each other, critical thinking, etc... Everything in life is about information, our own cells even, without the right information & guides we will be lost & not progress as fast as we should. | For now we can supplement our education systems with things like Khan Academy & other online learning resources, we should use or start existing online system & offline systems & groups too. The knowledge is out there, we have to find solutions to make it more accessible & low cost to anyone who wants education. Last, but not least the way our students are treated has to improve, respect students & they will respect you back, if they don't, reasonable constructive non-physical & non-abusive punishment will do, then reward good behavior. |
7 ) Inefficient Job Market | Harms applicants & employers by not making jobs easy to post, find & fill roles with quality applicants fast. Pushes people looking for jobs into hardships & problems from lack of a stable source of income, hurts people with business by not finding the right people who will help with their business, keep it running & make it better. | Create as many job sites & apps to connect business owners & govt. with job applicants ASAP. We must treat our employees with respect & pay them a fair living wage. Also root out nepotism, discrimination, racism, sexism, etc.... Hire people based on their ability & fit for the job, not who you think should be in charge & corrupt business owners & corrupt govt officials who favor certain people or companies & accept bribes for contracts must be rooted out. |
8 ) Difficulty Starting Business or Registering Patents | Harms entire economy by making process difficult & unclear for inexperienced business owners or patent owners. Not approving or delaying things due to corruption & fear of competition, deprives country of new businesses that could be the next international company or new ideas, patents & technology that can improve the country significantly. | Bring awareness to this issue, to create an easier, more reliable & honest system for business in all our countries. Create media, from posts, to memes, videos, bring famous people on board, complain to the govt, propose new ideas, etc... The only way is to get the govt. aware of this issue & let them see that it's more beneficial for them & all of us to fix it, than it is to leave it the same |
9 ) Complicated & untrustworthy investments | Harms us by not having reliable,simple to understand investments that earn us interest on our money. From both the private & govt. sector. Not only for citizens, but for foreigners too, investments fund businesses & govt. instead of taking loans. | Learn about local investments & write guides about them if you become an expert. Propose ideas & systems or start your own investment vehicle in a reliable & simple way with different risk levels (low/med/high) depending on what the investor wants. Report all investment scams & frauds to the police. Post about them & warn others. |
10 ) Brain Drain | Harms us when some of our best minds, go to other countries without all these harmful issues we have. Instead of these great minds & scholars staying in our countries, fixing these issues, improving our economy & creating new technology & solutions, they help other countries which give our people better conditions to prosper in. | On a personal level, try to offer scholars & intellectuals incentives & opportunities to stay, bring awareness to this issue by creating media, so the govt. starts studying this issue, identifying the main causes & solving them ASAP, the whole economy is connected & these people who leave, see that, lose hope & leave...we have to make it a better place. |
11 ) Using Foreign Currency & investing in foreign treasury securities & other govt or private investments. | Harms our currency by depending on US Dollar, Euro, UK Pound, FR Franc, etc... it reduces liquidity of our currencies. Investing in their foreign govt treasury securities finances their govt, instead of ours & their govt will always issue new currency, if they default on these securities, since their currency is widely accepted. | Avoid using foreign currency & investing in foreign treasury securities when possible. Use African & Middle Eastern currency or cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, etc..). Invest in African/Middle Eastern Treasury securities or other govt or private investments, not foreign. |
12 ) War, Invasion & Occupation | Harms us by destroying our country, the enemy seizing land, natural resources, commits unpunished violence against innocent citizens, creating chaos, destroying our lives, safety & future. | Our govt develops defensive fusion & some Fission Nukes in ICBMs & SLBMs, Drone Swarms, cruise missiles, missile defense systems, satellites, Long range radars & sonars, etc... to let aggressors know, the price of attacking & attempting to destroy our country, is the swift destruction of their country. We want peace, freedom & prosperity for everyone in all countries. We want to engage in trade & leisure, business & pleasure, with everyone in all countries. Don't threaten or attack us. |
13 ) Sanctions | Harms us by isolating us, restricting our trading, advancement & weakening our economy further. (That's their purpose) | Our govt. should stop doing anything that will get us sanctioned (corruption, terrorism, etc... ), but should not stop doing anything defensive, it is our right to develop & buy whatever defensive technology we need to defend ourselves. |
"There have been concerns over the last few years about PVC because of production challenges and because they release dioxins, potentially hazardous chemicals if burnt," said Andrew Dent, the Vice President of Library and Research Materials at Material ConneXion.A better synthetic alternative, while not perfect, is PU, which is less environmentally harmful and can be recycled.
In relation to industrial hemp, the Government has no intention of amending this policy. The Government operates a robust and risk-based licensing system to enable the cultivation of low THC cannabis (industrial hemp) from the non-controlled parts of the cannabis plant (i.e. seeds and fibre/mature stalk). Our policy enables the production of hemp fibre for industrial purposes or the obtaining of seeds which are then pressed for their oil. The cultivation of cannabis plants must be from approved seed types with a THC content not exceeding 0.2%. The ‘0.2%’ reference is used solely to identify varieties which may potentially be cultivated, within the scope of this policy. The current policy is in place to prevent misuse and diversion of the controlled parts of the cannabis plant, and currently, there is a large number of companies successfully operating under this industrial hemp policy.To be honest this contradicts some of the laws quoted below, so it should be taken with a teaspoon of salt, but even so.
Home Office
Home Office policy provides that licences may be issued for the cultivation of cannabis plants with a low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content for the production of hemp fibre for industrial purposes or the obtaining of seeds which are then pressed for their oil. For both of these uses, licences are granted to enable the use of non-controlled parts of the plant (i.e. seeds and fibre/ mature stalk only). This policy is only applicable where non-controlled parts of the plant are used.Oil, tea, handbags and shampoo can be made from industrial hemp, and the plant that they were made from may contain low levels of THC and contain CBD as long as they are produced by licensed peoples.
There needs to be a defined commercial end use and the Home Office only issues licences for cultivation of plants from approved seed types with a THC content not exceeding 0.2%. The ‘0.2%’ reference is used solely to identify varieties which may potentially be cultivated, within the scope of this policy, and to differentiate between the fee level is applicable under the Misuse of Drugs (Fees) Regulations 2010. The Hemp (Third Country Imports) Regulations 2002 also require, except in specified circumstances, that hemp from ‘third countries’ be imported under a licence an
Hazardous waste is transported in UN Approved containers and transferred to Safetykleen’s network of licensed waste transfer stations. Collected in bulk for safe transfer to processing site. Hazardous waste volumes are consolidated and sent to approved and audited sites. All waste is processed to minimise our customers’ environmental impact. Waste is hazardous if it contains substances with the potential to harm either your health or the environment. The Hazardous Waste Regulations were established in 2005 and consist of several measures that organisations must follow to safely control the disposal of hazardous waste. This includes clinical waste or chemical waste.. If an organisation produces more than 500 kilograms of hazardous Welcome to Envirogreen, the family run environmental waste removal company who have been in the business for over 30 years. Based in Slough, we work across the UK to provide the best quality services nationwide including liquid waste disposal, chemical waste collection, COSHH waste disposal, toxic waste removal and hazardous waste disposal. Sri Lanka says it is sending 21 containers of waste back to the UK after they were found to contain hazardous material. Customs officials said hospital waste was discovered in many of the 263 Hazardous waste. Waste is considered 'hazardous' under environmental legislation when it contains substances or has properties that might make it harmful to human health or the environment. This... Hazardous Waste Collection and Disposal Service. The WRWA facilities in Smugglers Way, SW18 and Cringle Street, SW8 are not licensed to receive hazardous waste and chemicals.. If residents need to dispose of hazardous materials, they should contact the Hazardous Waste Collection Service operated by the City of London on 020 7332 3433 or by visiting the City of London website. Industrial Waste and More. Collecting hazardous industrial waste is just one of the ways we help businesses right across the UK. In addition to hazardous waste collections, we are able to collect and process most waste streams, giving you a complete and flexible service. This could include collecting paper recycling from admin areas or food waste from canteens. If you need to work on meeting your waste targets, we can carry out comprehensive audits and on-going monitoring. We can help your Waste is generally considered hazardous if it (or the material or substances it contains) are harmful to humans or the environment. Examples of hazardous waste include: Examples of hazardous waste... Hazardous wastes from business can include pesticides, needles and syringes, unused medicines, materials containing asbestos, treated wood and bituminous coal tar products, chemicals and others (as detailed by CIWM). UK leaders in hazardous waste collection & recycling. Our experts are fully trained to take care of transportation, collection, storage, and disposal of your hazardous waste, all within relevant legislation.
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#SriLanka has started shipping 242 containers of hazardous #waste, including body parts from mortuaries, back to #Britain after a two-year court battle by an... Waste Management asks you to recycle often and recycling right by properly disposing of common household hazardous waste items. Unused paint, motor oil, batt... Drained Oil and Fuel Filters: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP9LGIgd03o#t=00m05s Universal Waste: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP9LGIgd03o#t=01m08s Empty ... Many products in the home that are used for cleaning or automobile and home maintenance can be classified as a household hazardous waste. It's important to d... Subject:Environmental Sciences Paper: Solid and hazardous waste management Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. This video was created to explain to members of an LEPC (Local Emergency Planning Committee) the definition of a Hazardous Material and Hazardous Waste. The... Hazardous Waste Disposal - An Unavoidable Necessity! Visit us at http://hazardouswastedisposalsystem.com/ Dangerous waste disposal, (UK and world-wide), migh...
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